Module 1: Introduction to Computer Science

 

Module 1: Introduction to Computer Science

Module 1: Introduction to Computer Science

• 🖥️ 1. Introduction to Computers

  A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or data and is capable of storing, retrieving, and processing data. It can perform complex calculations, solve problems, and automate tasks.

  Characteristics of Computers:

  • Speed: Executes millions of operations per second.

  • Accuracy: Delivers precise results with minimal errors.

  • Automation: Operates automatically once given instructions.

  • Versatility: Used in countless industries.

  • Storage: Stores vast amounts of data efficiently. Evolution of Computers:

  • First Generation: Used vacuum tubes (1940s).

  • Second Generation: Used transistors (1950s).

  • Third Generation: Integrated Circuits (1960s).

  • Fourth Generation: Microprocessors (1970s to now).

  • Fifth Generation: Focus on AI and advanced parallel processing.

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  💻 2. Types of Computers

  • Supercomputers: High-speed computers used for scientific simulations and research.

  • Mainframe Computers: Used in large organizations for data processing.

  • Servers: Provide data/services to other computers over a network.

  • Desktops and Laptops: Common personal computing devices.

  • Tablets and Smartphones: Portable devices with touch interfaces.

  • Embedded Systems: Microcontrollers inside machines like microwaves or cars.

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  🧠 3. Parts of a Computer System

  • Input Devices: Enter data into the computer.

    • Examples: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Webcam.

  • Output Devices: Display results of processing.

    • Examples: Monitor, Printer, Speakers.

  • Storage Devices:

    • Primary Storage: RAM and ROM (fast but temporary).

    • Secondary Storage: Hard drives, SSDs, USBs (permanent storage).

  • Processing Unit (CPU):

    • ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): Performs calculations and logic operations.

    • CU (Control Unit): Directs operation of the processor.

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  🌍 4. Computer Applications in Real Life

  • Healthcare: Electronic records, robotic surgery, medical imaging.

  • Education: E-learning platforms, digital classrooms, interactive simulations.

  • Finance: Internet banking, stock trading, fraud detection.

  • Entertainment: Streaming services, video games, animation.

  • Communication: Emails, social media, video conference.

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